Home heating - what are the heating systems and wiring diagrams. Scheme of water heating of a private house - possible types of calculation

If a country house is actively used not only in the summer season, but also in the cold season, the creation of a high-quality heating system in it is an urgent need.

Different heat carriers can be used in heat supply lines: air heated to 60°C, water vapor at 130°C and water at a temperature of 95°C. Most often, water heating is used.

One of the main advantages of this coolant is the ability to equip various systems water heating, depending on the design features of the house, personal preferences and other factors.

In the article we have described detailed classification schemes of water heat supply, outlined the features of each option, and also provided recommendations for choosing the main components of the system. The information provided will help design the heating of a private house.

Depending on the location of the place of heat generation, water heating systems are divided into centralized and local. In a centralized manner, heat is supplied, for example, apartment buildings, all kinds of institutions, enterprises and other objects.

In this case, heat is generated in CHP (combined heat and power plants) or boiler houses, and then delivered to consumers through pipelines.

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Local (autonomous) systems provide heat, for example, private houses. It is produced directly at the heat supply facilities themselves. For this purpose, furnaces or special units operating on electricity, natural gas, liquid or solid combustible materials are used.

Depending on the way in which the movement is provided water masses, heating can be with forced (pumping) or natural (gravitational) movement of the coolant. Forced circulation systems can be ring schemes and with schemes of primary-secondary rings.

Different water heating systems differ from each other in the type of wiring and the way the devices are connected. Combines their type of coolant that transfers heat to heating devices (+)

In accordance with the direction of movement of water in the mains of the supply and return types, heat supply can be with passing and dead-end movement of the coolant. In the first case, water moves in the mains in one direction, and in the second - in different directions.

In the direction of movement of the coolant, the systems are divided into dead-end and oncoming ones. In the first, the flow of heated water is directed in the direction opposite to the direction of the cooled water. In passing schemes, the movement of the heated and cooled coolant occurs in the same direction (+)

Heating pipes can be connected to heating devices in different schemes. If the heaters are connected in series, such a scheme is called a single-pipe circuit, if in parallel - a two-pipe circuit.

There is also a bifilar scheme, in which all the first halves of the devices are first connected in series, and then, to ensure the reverse outflow of water, their second halves.

The location of the pipes connecting the heating devices gave the name to the wiring: they distinguish between its horizontal and vertical varieties. According to the assembly method, collector, tee and mixed pipelines are distinguished.

Schemes of heating systems with upper and lower wiring differ in the location of the supply line. In the first case, the supply pipe is laid above the devices that receive the heated coolant from it, in the second case, the pipe is laid below the batteries (+)

In those residential buildings where there are no basements, but there is an attic, heating systems with overhead wiring are used. In them, the supply line is located above the heating appliances.

For buildings with a technical basement and a flat roof, heating with a lower wiring is used, in which the water supply and drainage lines are located below the heating devices.

There is also a wiring with an "overturned" circulation of the coolant. In this case, the heat supply return line is located below the devices.

According to the method of connecting the supply line to the heating devices, systems with upper wiring are divided into schemes with two-way, one-way and overturned movement of the coolant

Requirements for the operation of the heating system

With all the variety of water heating systems, a number of general requirements are imposed on their work.

They have to:

• evenly heat all the air in the premises;
• be repairable;
• do not create difficulties during operation;
• be linked to ventilation systems;
• be regulated.

The principle of operation of the heating system is also common: water is heated, after which it circulates through the pipeline and gives off the heat received, warming the premises.

The coolant in winter can serve as an antifreeze liquid - antifreeze. So that the ethylene glycol contained in it does not cause corrosion of pipelines

Equipment power calculations

The indoor temperature depends on the following factors:

• air temperature outside the building;
• house wall thickness and the quality of its individual elements;
• heat capacities of materials from which the house is built.

When calculating your home's need for heat, you need to take into account all factors, including heat loss through windows and doors, walls and floors with ceilings. Special standards required in the calculation process should be applied taking into account the climatic conditions of the area in which the residential facility is located and the degree of existing thermal insulation.

The general meaning of the calculation is to calculate the total heat loss corresponding to the minimum air temperature in your area in order to purchase equipment that can more than compensate for these losses.

The greatest heat loss occurs through the outer walls of the house. As the temperature difference between inside and outside the building increases, so does the heat loss.

If we take into account the material from which the outer walls were built, and the thickness of these walls, then for an external air temperature of -30 ° C, heat losses will be different and will be:

• brick with internal plaster - 89 W / m² (in 2.5 bricks), 104 W / m² (in 2 bricks);
• chopped with inner lining(250 mm) - 70 W / m²;
• from a bar with inner lining - 89 W / m² (180 mm), 101 W / m² (100 mm);
• frame with expanded clay inside (200 mm) - 71 W / m²;
• foam concrete with internal plaster (200 mm) - 105 W / m².

However, heat losses occur not only through the outer walls, but also through other enclosing structures.

At the same - 30 ° C, they will be for:

• attic wooden floors - 35 W / m²;
• basement wooden floors - 26 W / m²;
• double wooden doors without insulation - 234 W / m²;
• windows with a double frame made of wood - 135 W/m².

To calculate the total heat loss of a building, you need to calculate the area of ​​​​all enclosing structures in square meters, multiply by the heat loss standard by type of structure, taking into account the materials from which they are made, and summarize the results.

The calculation should be made based on the minimum seasonal temperature of a particular area. Heat losses through the walls are calculated separately, because it is necessary to take into account the area of ​​​​glazing and doorways.

Losses through floors without hatches to the attic or underground are calculated for the entire area as for single structural elements.

The heating boiler is chosen taking into account the fact that its power should be enough to compensate for heat losses with a 20-30 percent margin.

The procedure for calculating the thermal power of the equipment that will be used to install the heating system is given in the video clip in the final part of the article.

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On our website there is a block of articles devoted to the calculation of water heating, we advise you to read:

Water heating systems

For all external differences and various connection schemes, the basic principle of operation of water heating systems is the same. The coolant heated in the boiler is transported through the pipeline to the heating devices.

Cooling down, the water transfers environment heat, after which it returns to the place where it will heat up. This cycle repeats over and over again.

Natural and forced circulation

In private homes, the following types of heating systems are used:

• with natural circulation;
• with forced circulation.

natural circulation. Its performance is based on the density difference between hot and cold. The upper positions of such a system are occupied by warm water, and the lower ones by cold water. Cooling down, warm water moves down, and heating up - up.

The second factor that ensures the natural circulation of water masses is the slope under which the pipes are installed.

This is how the sources of circulation pressure are presented graphically. First, its appearance is due to different temperatures water, and, secondly, the inclined position of the pipes (+)

• for the installation of heating, you will need more pipes, but of a smaller diameter;
• you can use different types of radiators and heat pipes with small diameters;
• the temperature of heating devices is easier to regulate;
• the range of action is significantly expanded due to artificial stimulation of the movement of the coolant;
• the possibility of using heating units with increased characteristics of the coolant.

The disadvantage of forced systems is the dependence on the power supply. In order to avoid incidents with complete inactivity of heating, it is recommended to stock up on a diesel or gasoline generator.

In addition, the disadvantages include:

• the need for accurate calculation pipeline diameter, because too narrow channels will sharply increase the hydraulic resistance, and when circulating through excessively wide pipes, the coolant will “noise”;
• high cost of construction due to the almost double length of the pipeline, the inclusion in the circuit of one or two, if necessary, a booster pump;
• mandatory use of expensive regulators coolant flow, its temperature and pressure in the system.

The correct choice of the type of circulation depends on individual features and the location of the building in which water heating will be installed. However, for schemes with natural motion in Lately began to resort less and less, using them mainly in buildings for temporary residence.

Most often, private houses are equipped with systems with artificial coercion of the movement of the coolant due to significantly greater capabilities.

Combined circulation systems

The combined system can function in both natural and forced modes. This means that during its installation it is necessary, as in the case of using natural circulation, to provide for a pipe slope of 3-5 mm on running meter, as well as the installation of a pump, as for forced circulation.

Usually in such a heating scheme there is a solid fuel boiler.

The scheme includes: 1- electric boiler, 2- solid fuel boiler, 3- pump. This scheme of a combined heating system, in which, in addition to the pump, there is an inclined piping system, and the electric boiler is duplicated with solid fuel so that the system can work without electricity (+)

The point of using a combined system is that it will continue to work even in the event of a power outage. But the sudden cessation of heating in winter period threatens not only to lower the temperature in the room.

Elements of the heating system can simply fail, because the water, expanding upon freezing, will violate their tightness.

Installation methods for water heating systems

Consider two main schemes for installing heating systems.

The design of the pipeline in a single-pipe version is characterized by a direct sequence of supplying the coolant to the radiators. The coolant fills and warms up first the first battery, then the next, and so on.

Two pipes are supplied from one pipe to each radiator: the first is needed to supply the coolant, and the second to drain partially cooled water.

A single-pipe heating system is characterized by a series connection of all radiators, in which the coolant, having passed the first heater, enters the next one.

The peculiarity of such a scheme is the relatively low heating of the last battery compared to the first, since water “gets” to it, having already given up part of its heat.

How not to make mistakes with pipes

To install the heating system will require a lot of pipes.

Which one should be preferred:

• metal. The service life of such pipes is not too long. Over time, metal products can rust. They are mounted using threaded connections.
• Polymer. It's inexpensive but enough reliable material, which is resistant to corrosion. Even a non-professional can mount these pipes. The pipeline made of polymer pipes will last for a very long time.
• metal-plastic. These pipes are made of aluminum and plastic. The pipeline from them is assembled on threaded or press connections. As a side effect of the high coefficient of thermal expansion of these pipes, they can crack when the water temperature changes dramatically.

If the owners of the house have no restrictions on funds, it makes sense to arrange heating wiring from copper pipes. This is a very expensive material, but the cost of it justifies itself. Such pipes are reliable and durable.

They tolerate temperature and pressure well. For their installation, soldering is used - silver-containing high-temperature solder.

Everything that we told you above concerned the radiator water. But water as a heat carrier can be used in other heating systems.

When installing a water heating system, you may need quite a lot of pipes, so you need to calculate the feasibility of purchasing expensive products and focus on your real capabilities

Read more about the characteristics and selection of pipes for heating in.

Water system "Warm floor"

"Warm floor" can both successfully complement radiator water heating, and become the only source of space heating, if we are talking about a low-rise building. A huge advantage of the "Warm House" is that this system provides conditions that fully meet the sanitary and hygienic standards of the premises.

The air is heated unevenly along the height of the room: it is colder in the upper part of the rooms, and warmer in the lower part.

Underfloor heating is a wonderful invention that allows you to heat the room in height in full compliance with the sanitary and hygienic standards imposed on it (+)

The temperature of the system is only 55°C, which meets the design codes. Implementation is carried out over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200beach of the premises. This is a rather complicated work, which can only be done qualitatively at the stage of building a house. The operation of the system also causes a number of difficulties.

Skirting heating system

If the installation of the "Warm House" is difficult, and the radiators spoil the interior of the room, you can use the plinth heating system.

With this type of heating, the installation of pipes is carried out behind the plinth, that is, slightly above the floor level. At the same time, the room, as in the case of the “Warm floor”, warms up in the correct sequence.

Thanks to baseboard heating, there is no need to puzzle over how to fit into the interior country house pipelines, manifolds and radiators so that they are not conspicuous (+)

At the same time, the floor is heated, which creates favorable conditions in any season. Heating under the baseboard is becoming more and more popular and is gradually becoming fashionable.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Comparison of two-pipe and one-pipe heating systems:

The house you are going to live in all year round, needs heating during the cold period. To make living conditions comfortable, you need to choose a water heating system that is most suitable for your individual conditions.

We hope the information in this article will help you make the right choice. After all, high-quality heating is not only comfort and coziness. It is also a prerequisite for maintaining your health.

Have something to add, or have questions about water heating systems? You can leave comments on the publication and participate in discussions. The contact form is in the bottom block.

Climatic conditions middle lane and the north of Eurasia require thermal insulation of houses, but insulation alone is not enough. Heat loss must be compensated with heating system. Water heating in a private house is the most common and most effective way.

The quality of the heating circuit directly depends on the design features, the choice of the heating device and the type of wiring. How to decide on the equipment and the most suitable scheme, you will learn by reading the article we have proposed. The information provided is based on the requirements of building codes.

We described in detail the principle of the device of a water heating system, dismantled typical options devices. To optimize the perception of a difficult topic, diagrams, photo collections and videos were attached.

Heating structures with a liquid heat carrier have a similar set of components, these are:

• heating equipment- boiler (gas, liquid or solid fuel), stove, fireplace.
• Closed circuit in the form of a pipeline, providing continuous circulation of the heated and cooled coolant (antifreeze).
• Heating appliances- metal ribbed, panel or smooth-tube radiators, convectors, pipelines for water-heated floors.
• Shut-off valves necessary to shut down individual devices or lines of the system for repair and maintenance;
• devices for adjusting and monitoring the operation of the system (expansion tank, pressure gauge, relief valves, etc.).
• Circulation pumps, used to create a forced supply of coolant, sometimes a booster pump is installed to ensure stable pressure in the system.

If a centralized gas pipeline is laid nearby, the most economical solution is to install a gas boiler.

In the absence of central networks for an independent gas supply system, a gas tank will have to be installed. However, this option is applicable only in the case of arranging the estate of a sufficiently large area.

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In cottages built on small areas in non-gasified areas, offline work gas heating equipment will provide a conventional cylinder. As an alternative solution, you can use liquid or solid fuel stoves, and only as a last resort - expensive electrical devices.

Negotiated use various types :

• open, used for systems with both pumping and natural forcing, should be installed above the main riser;
• closed membrane devices used exclusively in forced systems, are installed on the return line in front of the boiler.

Expansion tanks are designed to compensate for the thermal expansion of the liquid when heated. They are needed to dump excess into the sewer or corny into the street, as is the case with the simplest open options. Closed capsules are more practical, because they do not require human intervention in adjusting the pressure of the system, but more expensive.

The open-type expansion tank is installed in highest point systems. In addition to providing a reserve for expanding the liquid, it is also entrusted with the task of removing air. Closed tanks are placed in front of the boiler, air vents and separators are used to remove air

When choosing shut-off valves, preference is given to ball valves, when choosing a pumping unit - equipment with a pressure of up to 30 kPa and a capacity of up to 3.0 m3 / h.

Budget opening varieties need to be replenished periodically due to the standard weathering of the fluid. Under their installation, it is necessary to significantly strengthen the attic floor and insulate the attic.

Types of water heating systems

The type of heating system is determined by a combination of several factors. These include coolant circulation, system assembly method, lower or top option supply pipes, etc.

Regardless of the type of heating device, whether it is a traditional radiator, a baseboard convector or a “warm floor” coil, heated water reaches them, and after cooling it leaves in the standard way for all systems.

Two-pipe and one-pipe designs

The end object of heat transfer are devices located in all heated rooms of the house. In many ways, the heating efficiency depends on the pipeline installation scheme, so we will dwell on one- and two-pipe wiring in more detail.

The most common is the classification, consisting of two points:

• Single pipe option- serial connection of radiators. The bottom line is that the coolant entering the system sequentially flows from one device to another. On approaches to distant points, it has time to cool down significantly.
• Two-pipe option- a system with parallel connection of the supply and return pipes. Its principle is based on the fact that the supply is carried out to all devices almost simultaneously. The cooled water does not flow into the next device, but is collected by the return line and moved to the boiler.

Single-pipe schemes come with both natural and forced movement of water. Within their class, they are divided into two varieties: flow-through and with bypasses.

In flow circuits, the coolant, upon reaching the extreme radiator, has time to cool down strongly, therefore it is recommended to install devices with an increased number of sections in distant rooms.

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Collector or otherwise increases the possibility of water heating of the cottage. This is a kind of modified system with separate branches (beams) of the pipeline stretched to each device and with a distribution element in the center.

Distribution node - the collector is equipped with many taps, so you can control the heat transfer of each device individually, turn it off for repair. If desired and financially possible, each outlet can be equipped with its own pumping device.

The main advantage of the collector is the ability to control and regulate heating processes in individual rooms of the entire building from one “control point”

Collector wiring is arranged mainly for horizontal circuits with a bottom laying of the supply pipe. When installing in 2- and 3-story houses, it is recommended to mount a distribution manifold on each floor - this way you can regulate the air temperature in any corner of the building.

The control unit for cottages on several floors consists of two interconnected nodes: a supply manifold and an analogue for the return. The first is responsible for the delivery of hot coolant to the devices, the second stimulates the removal of the cooled liquid.

It is possible to connect to the collector - switchgear not only a radiator structure, but also a "warm floor", hot water supply, as well as a plinth (panel) system (+)

Collector wiring is arranged on the basis of one- and two-pipe heating systems, used in combination with a perimeter (tee) one.

Features of baseboard heating

Radiators or batteries in the traditional sense are not the only heating devices to create a comfortable microclimate in individual rooms. Not so long ago appeared - heating elements, in their form and location reminiscent of the construction counterparts of the same name.

The design of the plinth heater is simple: inside there are elements resembling radiators with copper tubes, outside there is a solid blank box made of metal that gives off heat well

The principle of operation of the device located around the perimeter helps to maintain the set temperature constantly. First, the tubes inside the case are heated, then the box, from which warm air rises, increasing the temperature of the walls.

Thus, the air in the room is heated directly from the baseboards and from all the walls along which they are located.

The smart move is to use warm skirting boards in places that directly border on cold air from the street: on terraces, verandas and balconies

Advantages of baseboard heating:

• creation of a comfortable microclimate, excluding active air circulation;
• the possibility of insulating risk areas at the junctions of the floor and walls, where mold often appears;
• simple installation that can be performed without the involvement of specialists;
• choice of modules by type (single and double row) and power (for example, 310 W and 510 W);
• diverse design that does not require masking;
• affordable price.

The disadvantages include special location conditions: furniture cannot be placed along horizontal elements, as this will harm the heat transfer process. Each circuit included in the system should not be longer than 15 meters, so for large room installation of 2 or 3 circuits is required (combined heating as an option).

For skirting boards, the same coolant is used as for radiators - water or antifreeze in an amount of approximately 330-350 g / m. Normal temperature - from +45ºС to +80ºС, in some versions heating up to +110ºС is allowed

In addition to water skirting boards, electric ones are used, but their maintenance is too expensive for a private house.

Equipment of the "Warm floor" system

An efficient and inexpensive design, called, which heats the room from the side of the floor, has long established itself only from the best side. It is actively used in urban apartments to create a comfortable atmosphere in bathrooms, bathrooms, bedrooms, kitchens and loggias.

Scheme of a warm floor device: a flexible tube of small diameter, through which a heated coolant circulates, is part of an adjustable heating system

The pipeline must have high thermal conductivity, strength, elasticity, minimal resistance, therefore, metal-plastic or cross-linked polyethylene is used for its manufacture. The protective and stabilizing coating is a cement screed.

Benefits of underfloor heating:

• efficiency with any type of flooring (laminate, linoleum, carpet, ceramic tiles);
• noticeable heat savings - from 30% to 50%;
• low cost and installation;
• the possibility of mounting with your own hands;
• use in combined heating systems (along with radiators and convectors).

Autonomous water heating does not depend on the supply electrical energy, as it is powered by a gas (or other) boiler.

A variant of the combined heating system (warm floor + panel radiators) with an extensive temperature control and regulation system using sensors and thermostats

The disadvantages include the imperfection of adjustment and the impossibility of installation in the city with central heating, but this does not apply to local suburban systems. If the installation rules are violated, an emergency and flooding are possible, so you should carefully consider both the choice of equipment and the installation.

More about the coolant and its properties

There is no fluid ideal for any heating system. Each of the options presented on the market for heat transfer fluids has specific characteristics, for example, a range of operating temperatures.

If you violate the boundaries of the specified range, the heating system will simply “stand up”, and in the worst case, pipes will burst and expensive equipment will fail.

In addition to temperature parameters, it has properties such as viscosity, anti-corrosion, the ability to release toxic substances. Analysis necessary qualities showed that the best liquid heat carriers are purified water and special chemical solution- antifreeze.

The table shows the main advantage of ethylene glycol antifreeze - a maximum freezing point of -40 ° C, while water turns into ice already at 0 ° C

Filling antifreeze is necessary in homes that are not permanent residences. Usually, when leaving the building during the cold season, the owners drain the water to avoid an accident and equipment breakdown. Antifreeze does not need to be removed - upon return, you can immediately turn on the boiler without fear of leakage or rupture.

At extreme temperatures, the chemical coolant, having changed its structure, retains its previous dimensions. Simply put, it turns into a gel that retains its properties unchanged. When the temperature reaches a comfortable level, the gel-like structure becomes liquid again, completely retaining its original volume.

Some more useful information about antifreeze:

• serves at least 5 years, one filling is able to withstand 10 heating seasons;
• fluidity is 2 times higher than that of water, therefore, it is required to monitor the tightness of the joints;
• increased viscosity requires the insertion of a more powerful circulation pump;
• the ability to expand when heated entails the installation of a large expansion tank.

And you must always remember that the chemical solution is toxic and dangerous to human health.

Antifreeze for pouring into home heating systems is sold in plastic cans volume from 10 l to 60 l. The average cost is from 750 to 1100 rubles. for 10 l

Despite the outstanding characteristics of antifreeze, water as a coolant is more popular. It has the maximum possible heat capacity, which is approximately 1 kcal. This means that the coolant heated to 75ºС, when cooled in the radiator to 60 ºС, will give the room about 15 kcal of heat.

Water is available. If you supply the water supply system with reliable filters, you can use the free option - water from your own well. It does not contain hazardous chemical compounds and will not cause poisoning in case of an accident.

The negative side of water is the content of certain mineral salts that cause corrosion. The problem is solved by simply boiling or using rainwater (or melted water) instead of well water.

Exists complex systems purification and preparation of water for a private house: in addition to universal purification, water goes through several stages to become drinkable or suitable for pouring into a heating circuit (+)

The choice of pipes for wiring

The final result depends on the quality of each system part, which is to save and save heat, so the longest elements - pipes - must also be given some attention.

From a technological point of view, they should have the following qualities:

• strength;
• ease;
• suitability for repair;
• tightness;
• low noise level.

Not high price is also an important component when choosing, because heating system equipment requires a large number of products for various purposes.

Polypropylene pipes - the best option for self assembly heating systems. You can learn how to use a soldering machine for sewing pipes in 10 minutes

Now hardly anyone will undertake the installation of wiring from metal pipes. Steel, copper and galvanized products are becoming a thing of the past, giving way to cheaper and more functional counterparts.

The best alternative are polymer products. which can be divided into three groups:

• polypropylene;
• metal-plastic.

Pros - inexpensive cost, ease of welding, long service life. Minus - lack of elasticity. When replacing a pipe, you will have to change the whole fragment from connection to connection.

On a long stretch of highway polypropylene pipes sag, as they have an expansion of 6 mm / 5 m. Strong fixation is ensured using staples or clips mounted on the wall at intervals of 1-1.1 m

Durable resistant to sudden changes in temperature. able to serve without overhaul up to 30 years old. The weak point is the connecting elements - fittings with an unreasonably narrowed flow area. In the event of freezing of the coolant, a breakthrough is likely.

When choosing pipes, be guided by the main technical indicators of the equipment and the type of coolant.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Interesting videos provide useful information about circuits, constituent parts, installation of liquid heating systems, as well as personal experience installation.

Video #1 Features of a single-pipe heating system:

Video #2 Overview of schemes for a two-pipe heating system:

Video #3 Practical use beam scheme:

Video #4 detailed instructions for the installation of the heating system:

Advice to anyone who wants to independently equip a complex heating system in country house: when drawing up a project, be sure to consult with a specialist so that after installation you do not encounter unforeseen circumstances. Plumbers will help you choose reliable equipment, suggest more effective scheme wiring, make accurate calculations, and the result will be comfort and warmth in the house.

In Russia, severe cold sets in in winter, so it is simply necessary to have high-quality water heating in a private house. Such a system has primacy over the others, since over the years it has already managed to show itself from the best side. Stove and fireplace heating today is no longer so effective - this is just a tribute to our rich history.

In a cold and snowy winter, heating is indispensable ...

The principle of operation of water heating

Water heating of a private house has gained such popularity that in fact it is a simple mechanism. There is a closed circuit where the boiler heats water to the required temperature through pipes water is coming into batteries or radiators in the premises and gives off heat, after which it returns back to the boiler.

Water heating scheme

In addition to the main elements - the boiler, pipes and radiators, the system may also include additional ones. The expansion tank is used to drain excess water that has appeared during heating. Also, thanks to the tank, there is no oxygen in the system. Another element is the circulation pump. This device serves to maintain a continuous circulation of water in the system, with the help of such a pump, the rate of heating of the room temperature increases due to the fact that the water moves faster. Also in the system there may be a pressure gauge, a thermostat, an air vent, safety valves.

Choosing equipment for heating in a private house

The most important equipment that properly provides water heating in a private house is a boiler.

When purchasing a boiler, it is usually assumed that the power is 1 kW per 10 sq.m of the room that is heated.

It is also taken into account that the height of the ceilings is taken no more than 3 meters. In addition, the volume of the room, the level of insulation of the house itself, the size of the windows and additional heat consumers are taken into account.

So, with an area that is heated, the boiler power will be equal to:

• 60 - 200 sq.m. – up to 25 kW;
• 200 - 300 sq.m. - 25-35 kW;
• 300 - 600 sq.m. - 35-60 kW;
• 600 - 1200 sq.m. – up to 100 kW.

To equip water heating in a country house or in a private house, you can choose an electric boiler with an area of ​​30-1000 sq.m. power 3-105 kW. But electric boilers have disadvantages - the high cost of electricity, constant interruptions and drops in electricity, its insufficient power.

electric boiler

The pipeline must also be carefully selected. Pipes are used different materials, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. In the old days, steel pipes were the most common. But today they are used less frequently. After all, such pipes are more susceptible to corrosion processes.

That is why stainless steel or galvanized pipes are now more often used.

Also gaining popularity copper pipes. They are able to endure high temperatures, they are durable in themselves, so copper pipes are the most reliable. But they are not cheap either. In addition, in recent years, more and more often you can find water heating in wooden house with polymer pipes. Such pipes are made of metal-plastic or propylene (with the participation of aluminum). Pipes made of such materials are durable, resistant to corrosion, and sediment is not deposited inside them. But they have a fairly high coefficient of expansion when heated.

Boiler piping with copper pipes

What are the heating schemes of a private house

Schemes of water heating of a private house can be single-circuit and double-circuit. The single-circuit system serves only for heating the room. This is a simpler and more inexpensive system, which is suitable if you have a house up to 100 square meters. Such a system includes a single-circuit boiler and atmospheric exhaust, single-pipe wiring with pipes made of steel or polymers, cast-iron, steel or aluminum radiators.

Single-circuit and double-circuit water heating system

A single-circuit heating system can be improved with a two-pipe wiring, the addition of a circulation pump, thermostatic valves on radiators.

If you want to equip a single-circuit system for heating water for domestic needs, then reconsider the installation of a geyser or boiler. In another case, you can make a two-circuit system, which is designed not only for heating, but also for heating water.

The double-circuit water heating system of a private house is a very convenient option.

Here, the boiler is comfortable with the need for hot water for a family of no more than 4 people. Water must be tap or softened, hard water from a well will not work. It is possible to equip two single-circuit systems, the first of which will be “responsible” for space heating, and the second for water heating. Thanks to such a system in the summer, you will only use the water heating system, and only 25% of the boiler power is spent on it.

Pipe laying

water system heating a private house involves the use of three options for piping - a single-pipe system, two-pipe and collector.

A single-pipe system is a system where the heated coolant (water) from the boiler sequentially flows from one battery to the next. Such a system has one big drawback - it is very difficult to manage the wiring here, since when water is blocked in any of the radiators, the rest are also blocked.

Single pipe system

In a two-pipe system, each radiator has a pipe with hot and cold water. So, with such a system, water heating at home can be regulated very conveniently.

Two-pipe heating system

Another system is the collection system. It is also called beam. Here the mechanism works in this way: from the collector (which is a device that collects water), two pipes are connected to each heating device - a direct and a return one. Thanks to this, you can easily mount the system with concealed wiring pipes, you can support a certain temperature regime separate room and regulate it.

If you have a two-story house

Today, water heating schemes for a two-story house are very different. It can be both a collector system and a two-pipe wiring. Single-pipe wiring (the one in which the radiators are connected in series) today is less often used both for water heating schemes for a one-story house and a two-story house.

A two-pipe scheme for a two-story house is a versatile and practical option.

There are two pipes for each heating device - for supplying and discharging water. Experts advise to do this: put a control valve in front of each radiator.

The collector circuit in a two-story house is quite an expensive pleasure. Water heating of a two-story house with such a system, despite this, is also popular. After all, here the advantage is obvious - the installation of the pipeline is hidden, so the interior does not deteriorate. In this case, the boiler is placed on the first floor, the expansion tank on the second. The pipeline is located under the floor, ceiling or window sills, so there is a great opportunity to hide it.

The collector system is also very efficient because here a control valve is placed on each radiator. This is very convenient, because depending on your needs, you can set your own climate.

Collector heating system of a two-story house

Alternative methods of water heating of a private house

In addition to traditional heating with a heating boiler, there are other types of water heating for a private house. Such modern systems effective as the main heating systems of the house, or additional.

Very often today you can hear such a phrase - the "warm floor" system. In principle, a warm floor is the same water heating of private houses, which can also be used as an addition to the main heating. Underfloor heating has advantages - there is a large heat transfer area. Indeed, in this case, the floor of the room is practically a large radiator. Yes, and the air warms up in this way correctly - it is warm below, and a little cooler above.

Warm water floor

Thanks to the underfloor heating system, it is possible to reduce the operating temperature of the coolant (no more than 55 degrees Celsius). You can also set the heat output within the required limits.

The disadvantages of the underfloor heating system are that such a system is difficult to install, and with an already completed repair it is impossible, or you will have to raise the floor or deepen it.

Another option for alternative water heating is baseboard heating. In fact, baseboard water heating of houses is an average between a radiator system and a warm floor. In this case, heating equipment is placed around the perimeter of the room at the level of the plinth. Thanks to this, both the walls and the floor are evenly heated. The air in the room is also uniform. With such a system, water heating of a country house or a private house will allow you to equip the interior without large radiators, and all this without heat loss.

Baseboard heating

Conclusion

Thus, before you decide to equip water heating in your private house, you should choose suitable option– traditional heating with radiators or modern methods. Each system has advantages and disadvantages, so for heating design it is best to invite specialists who will be able to take into account all the details.

In our country, where winter lasts half a year, we need a good and convenient system heating, which would warm the house in any bad weather. Water heating remains the most reliable means of fighting for warmth and comfort in a private house.

Scheme of the water heating system.

Boilers are used as heating devices. various types fuel and even a conventional stove. Where water heating uses a stove, the diameter of the pipes is increased, and the valves are minimized.

Principle of operation

This system has gained popularity due to its simplicity. Heating uses the following principle of operation: the boiler heats water (or antifreeze) to the desired temperature, it flows through pipes to batteries or radiators in rooms, giving off heat, and returns to the boiler.

Scheme of a system with gravity water movement.

Also, the water heating scheme may include:

• expansion tank - excess water that has arisen during heating is discharged into it, it also ensures the absence of oxygen in the system;
• the circulation pump maintains a constant circulation of water in the system, with its help the heating rate of the room increases due to the faster movement of water;
• manometer;
• thermostats;
• air vent - automatic or shut-off;
• safety valves.

Boiler selection

When buying a boiler, as a rule, they take the value of 1 kW of power per 10 square meters. m of heated living space, given that the height of the ceilings is not more than 3 meters. They also take into account the volume of the room, the degree of insulation of a private house, the size of the windows, the presence of additional heat consumers.

With a heated area: from 60 to 200 sq. m - boiler power up to 25 kW, from 200 to 300 sq. m - 25-35 kW, from 300 to 600 sq. m - 35-60 kW, from 600 to 1200 sq. m - up to 100 kW.

You can choose an electric boiler - with an area of ​​​​a private house from 30 to 1000 square meters. m, you can use boilers with a capacity of 3 to 105 kW, respectively. The disadvantages of electric boilers are the high cost of electricity, interruptions in power supply or insufficient power.

Nuances of functioning

When using the oven, to improve the performance of the system, the difference between the lowest point cold water(return) and top point hot water maximize. The riser is taken out to the ceiling. In any case, the calculation of water heating is carried out. If a heating boiler is used, it is recommended to lower it lower, if possible, for example, into the basement. This arrangement allows you to increase the height of the riser, give the water a greater impulse of movement. Consequently, the efficiency will increase, the house will warm up more evenly.

Fuel

Used to heat up the boiler different types fuel: natural gas, coal, firewood. Centralized energy supply, or alternative energy sources such as mini-hydro stations, solar or wind converters can also be used.

Pipe selection

When installing water heating, pipes from different materials are used. Each has its pros and cons.

Steel

Steel pipes used to be the most popular, but in modern construction they are used less and less. The disadvantage of conventional steel pipes is the susceptibility to corrosion, so they use stainless or galvanized, which are more reliable.

Copper

Copper pipes endure high temperatures and pressure, will serve more than one generation, and are the most reliable for use in a private home. Their only drawback is their high cost.

Polymer

Polymer pipes are made of metal-plastic (aluminum coated with plastic) or aluminum-reinforced polypropylene.
Main advantages:

• resistance to corrosion;
• strength;
• sediment is not deposited on the inner surface;
• low cost of installation work, because no welding is required.

Among the disadvantages is a high coefficient of thermal expansion; during the cold period, a temporary shutdown of the boiler or freezing of the heating system can lead to damage to the pipes.

System device

The single-circuit system is intended only for space heating. This heating scheme has a simple principle of operation, is inexpensive and is suitable for houses up to 100 square meters. m. Includes a single-circuit boiler with atmospheric exhaust, single-pipe wiring with pipes made of steel or polymer materials, as well as cast-iron, aluminum or steel radiators.

Scheme of single-circuit heating of the room.

This system can be improved by adding two-pipe wiring, a circulation pump, thermostatic valves on radiators. With a single-circuit boiler for supplying hot water for domestic needs, it is necessary to provide for the installation of a geyser or boiler. The double-circuit system is used both for heating housing and for heating water.

Dual circuit system

A double-circuit boiler is convenient when there is a need for hot water for a family of no more than four people, and taking into account that tap water or softened water (hard from a well is not suitable). Two single-circuit systems can also be made, one of them will heat the room, the other will heat the water. This will allow in summer to use only the water heating system, which consumes 25% of the boiler capacity.

The device of a double-circuit boiler.

The most common classification of water heating systems takes into account the piping layout. Water heating can be either two-pipe or one-pipe.

Single pipe heating system

A single-pipe system is called a system in which heated water from the boiler sequentially passes from one battery to the next. As a result, the last battery will be colder than the first, as a rule, such a system is used in apartment buildings. The most significant drawback is that it is difficult to manage single-pipe wiring, because if you block the access of water to one of the radiators, then all the others will be blocked.

Two-pipe heating system

In a two-pipe radiator, a pipe with hot and cold water is connected to each radiator. Water heating of a private house allows you to comfortably regulate the temperature in the rooms.

Collector (beam) - from the collector (a device in the heating system that collects the coolant) two pipes are connected to each heater - a straight line and a return line. This makes it easy to install heating systems with hidden piping, and also makes it possible to maintain and regulate the set temperature in a separate room. To do this, on each floor of the house there are collectors in a special cabinet, from which independently connected pipes go to the radiators. The disadvantages are the cost of pipes and installation of manifold cabinets.

Pumps

Additionally, when laying heating pipelines for a country house, circulation pumps are installed - they do an excellent job of circulating water in large houses with long pipes, save fuel consumption, and also heat the room faster due to the rapid movement of water.

Experts recommend for one-story houses with a steep roof, as well as a basement, to make a scheme with vertical risers and two-pipe wiring. When installing water heating with your own hands, it is important to think about where the exhaust gases will go. To ensure their exit, you need to install a special pipe.

Calculation of water heating

First you need to calculate the system. First of all, it must be remembered that the need for heating will directly depend on factors such as heat loss through window and door openings, as well as through walls, floors and ceilings. Thus, in order to calculate the power of a heating boiler, you need to know the principle of operation of the system and the degree of heat loss by the finishing and design materials from which the house is made.

The walls of a private house that are in direct contact with the external atmosphere conduct heat more efficiently. In this case, the degree of heat loss will increase with each temperature difference between the inner and outer sides of the wall. The normal temperature is considered to be 20 °C.

When calculating water heating, this indicator should be summed up with the highest negative temperature characteristic of a particular area. When calculating heat loss, you need to calculate exact area end (external) walls, door and window openings, ceilings, floors, and then multiply these data by the degree of heat loss per square meter of a private house. After that, all results are summarized.

The correct calculation of the location of the distribution boiler is very important, since the number of bends and the length of the sections of the residential heating system in a private house will directly depend on this.

Mounting Features

Before you start equipping water heating with your own hands, you should consider the most popular and practical systems, advantages and disadvantages, installation principles, as well as suitable types radiators.

Home-made construction of a house is always associated with the organization of space heating. This issue is thought out long before the start of the relevant work. There are many options. They are considered by any person who is going to provide heating for a country house with their own hands. Quite often there are cases when no one can help with advice. Specialists of companies charge a fee for this, which makes their services not the most profitable option. You have to figure everything out on your own.

Nuances and subtleties

Those who have a desire to make home-made heating should remember that only those types of pipes that have a small diameter should be used, since only they can maintain high water temperatures and effectively create and maintain the required temperature regime in the Russian climate.

However, they also have their drawbacks. In particular, the installation of water heating due to the small diameter of the pipes cannot be carried out without a preliminary overhaul of the entire room. In addition, as regards the water heating system itself, it requires constant heating of the coolant.

Therefore, if you forgot to drain the water from the pipes of your private house in the winter season and left it for a long time, then you should expect trouble, because pipes can simply break under the influence of low temperatures. As a result, upon your return, you will be forced to repair the entire water heating system, since the main part of the pipeline will be damaged.

But even if you do not forget to drain the water from heating pipes with a small diameter, they can still suffer from the effects of corrosion, since the presence of air will take place, which will lead to the formation of internal condensate on the walls of the pipeline.

Water heating of a country house is an affordable cost of materials for installation and further operation, as well as nice results in creating warmth and comfort in the house.

Question about replacement furnace heating for a more modern one, sooner or later, the owner of a private house has to decide. It is clear that the task for a non-professional is very difficult, but doable. There are many specific subtleties in this work, which are known only to professionals in their field - designers and installers of heating systems. Not possible without their help. But if the owner of a private house has a desire to make heating with his own hands, he may well do some of the work on his own. And entrust the responsible stages of work to professionals.

This article will give an idea to the beginner home master about the cycle of work to be performed.

Heating options

First you have to choose a heating system. And there are plenty to choose from - there are several of them and differ among themselves according to the type of coolant:

• Water heating system;
• Steam heating system;
• Air heating system;
• Electric heating system.

Let's consider each of them separately.

Water heating

It works on the principle of a closed loop of pipes in which hot water is located. The central element in this system is the boiler, where water is heated and distributed through pipes throughout the system (). Installed water heating radiators through which the coolant passes, heat up and warm the rooms. The cooled water enters the boiler again and the process is repeated again.

All heating boilers fit into a similar scheme, but the most popular are economical gas boilers.

Important! Gas boilers require regular checks and adjustments by gas company specialists.

Steam heating

Steam from heated water acts as a heat carrier. In the boiler, water is heated to a state of boiling and already in the form of steam it diverges along the highways to the radiators. Cooling, the steam turns back into water and goes back through the pipes to the heating boiler.

There are two types of steam systems:

• open;
• Closed.

In the first case, the system has a storage tank for condensate. And in the second, the condensate formed after cooling is returned to the boiler through pipes of increased diameter.

Steam heating is mainly used in industrial premises in large industries where steam is needed for their own needs. For home use, steam heating has not been widely used due to large areas to accommodate boiler equipment. And the steam boiler itself is quite difficult to operate, and because of the high steam temperature of 115 ° it is also dangerous.

air heating

In a finished residential building, deploy do-it-yourself equipment for organizing air heating practically unrealistic. Only at the stage of building a new house is it possible to install the entire system (). And this is despite the fact that the principle of operation of such a system is quite simple.

A heat generator located at the lowest point of a steam heating system, such as a basement, heats the air. And already heated, it diverges through the air ducts through the premises of the house and exits through the grilles under the ceiling of the rooms. Warm air displaces cold air into the return ducts laid up to the heat generator. That is, a closed cycle of work is obtained.

To improve performance, a fan is included in the heating system, which increases the air pressure in the air duct.

An example of air heating operation is shown in Fig:

The heat generator can operate autonomously on diesel fuel or kerosene. Gas can also be used - both natural from the main gas pipeline and bottled.

To equip a private house with this type of heating, it is necessary to carry out design work. Specialists will calculate: what material the air ducts will be made of (metal, plastic or textile), what size and build the correct topology of the heating network of the entire building.

Electric heating

Subject to the availability of a constant power supply, electric converters, suspended infrared heaters, and electrical system "warm floor".

Such a system does an excellent job of heating the house, but high electricity bills make you think about the economy of this method of heating.

But if you put it as a spare, in addition to the main one (for example, a gas boiler), then this method of heating is quite in demand.

Mounted heating electric convectors have one feature - uneven heating of the room space. The lower zone at floor level is cold, and the upper zone under the ceiling is warm.

The electrical system of the "warm floor" will help to correct the situation:

Elements of the heating system

The entire electrical heating system in a house can be compared to a human circulatory system. The heart is a cauldron, from which heat diverges through the veins (pipes) to the heating elements throughout the house.

This is, after all, a figurative representation. In fact, there are many more elements that ensure the efficient operation of the entire electric heating system - from pipe connectors to expansion tanks.

Electric heating can be organized in different ways:

1. Forced circulation of water;
2. Natural water circulation.

A pump is included in the forced circulation system. But there is a small minus - the pump requires electricity to operate. If it is turned off, the entire heating system will stop working.

Systems with natural circulation, in terms of independence from electricity, are more convenient. The circulation of water occurs due to the fact that at the outlet of the heating boiler and the inlet, the water temperature is different. But in this case, pipes with different diameters are selected, and it is difficult to adjust it. The advantage is that such a system does not depend on electricity.

Systems are also divided into open and closed.

In open electrical systems, an expansion tank is placed to relieve excess pressure. As a rule, this is the highest point of the system. To relieve pressure in closed systems membrane tank installed closed type. It is small, airtight and can be mounted anywhere in the electrical system, thus avoiding the formation of air pockets.

Calculation of the system and selection of boiler power

Of course, managers in the store can also pick up equipment. But there are two ways in which this can be done quite independently with your own hands.
A simple approximate method is used by equipment sellers: the area of ​​\u200b\u200bone room is multiplied by 100 watts. Summing up the values ​​obtained for all rooms, the required power of the heating devices is obtained.

1. If only one 1 wall goes outside, the area is multiplied by 100 W;
2. For a corner room, the measured area is multiplied by 120 W;
3. If there are 2 exterior walls and two windows, the area of ​​the room is multiplied by 130W.

For a more accurate calculation, the formula is used:

W cat. \u003d (S * W sp.): 10
Where,

• S is the area of ​​the room;
• W beats - specific power of the heater used per 10 m² of room area.

W beat is selected depending on the region.

For example, if the area of ​​​​all heated premises is 100 m², with a specific power for the Moscow region of 1.2 kW, then the power for the boiler is obtained: W \u003d (100x1.2) / 10 \u003d 12 kilowatts.

Heat consumption for ventilation

tributary fresh air very important for a comfortable stay in the house. And therefore, when choosing a heating boiler, it is important to take into account the heat consumption for ventilation. Fresh indoor air is undoubtedly needed, but no less important is the speed with which cold air flows inside the house. And the lower the speed of fresh air flows, the more comfortable living conditions become.

Building codes specifically stipulate the presence of exhaust ventilation in the premises:

• baths;
• toilet;
• Kitchens.

And the inflow of fresh air should be provided by vents in the window and supply valves in the living rooms (Fig.):

Thus, the supply air is divided into three zones:

1. Air inflow.
2. Air flow.
3. Air extracts.

When organizing any heating system, it is necessary to take into account the heat consumption not only for heating the house, but also for its ventilation. If the work is carried out according to the project, then it must include a calculation for heat loss due to the entry of cold air masses into the room.

Only after calculating the nominal air exchange in the house, it is possible to draw conclusions about the final heat demand for both heating the house and its ventilation.

Before choosing and buying a boiler for a heating system, You need to decide for yourself several parameters:

1. Most importantly, purchase exactly the type of boiler that will effectively heat the whole house;
2. Choose a heating boiler that will constantly work on the selected type of fuel;
3. And the last thing - the boiler will work only for space heating or also heat water for everyday needs.

For reference! If the boiler works mainly for heating - single-circuit, and if it also gives hot water - double-circuit.

Solid fuel boilers

It makes sense to opt for solid fuel heating boilers either if there is no way to connect to gas in the region or there is fairly inexpensive coal or firewood.

You can install a solid fuel boiler with your own hands on solid fuel and how backup source heat. The cost of such boilers is relatively low, but the heating system will not work without:

• expansion tank;
• Security groups;
• More reliable pipes and radiators.

This is due to the fact that boilers of this type operate at higher temperatures.

Such boilers are very reliable under a number of conditions:

1. The fuel for the boiler must match both in quality and moisture content.
2. Mandatory daily cleaning of the solid fuel boiler.

gas boilers

The most popular, with the possibility of connecting to gas mains, are gas boilers (). Its main advantage - with all its simplicity, is also ease of use. Majority modern models gas boilers are also equipped with a thermostat. And this is very convenient - you choose the desired temperature for the house, and the device will automatically maintain comfortable heat throughout the house.

At prices, gas heating boilers have a wide range to choose from.

The price is affected by:

• Manufacturer;
• Power;
• Boiler type.

But the big plus in boilers of this type is that they already come with circulation pump and expansion tank.

And the material from which pipes and radiators are made gas heating, completely different and much cheaper than, for example, for solid fuel boilers (coal, etc.).

Electric boilers

This is the most expensive way to heat a house ().

But! Electric heating boilers have some advantages:

1. Large choice of power - from 2 to 40 kW;
2. Stability in work;
3. Do not pollute the atmosphere in the house;
4. Very easy to use;
5. Built-in circulation pump;
6. Supplied with expansion tank and temperature sensor;
7. Differ in reliability in work;
8. Inexpensive repair and maintenance.

By prices electric boilers comparable to gas.

Oil boilers

Most consumers are unaware that traditional liquid fuel heating boilers are now able to work not only on diesel fuel, but also:

• Kerosene;
• Light grades of oil;
• Waste oils (including synthetic origin);
• Fuel oil.

It is enough to change the burners under desired type fuel.

For reference! On sale there are universal liquid fuel boilers without burners. The consumer has the opportunity to choose a burner for diesel fuel or for gas independently.

But when using liquid fuel heating boilers, a number of features must be taken into account:

1. Compared with gas boilers fuel costs will increase significantly.
2. Equipment acquisition and installation costs are higher than other types of heating.
3. On the site near the house, it is necessary to leave a place for the installation of a large-sized tank for storing fuel supplies.
4. In order to prevent the specific smell of diesel fuel and the noise from the operation of burners in the living quarters of the house, it is better to install heating equipment in a separate building.
5. Since the burner needs the operation of automation and pumps powered by electricity, to organize uninterrupted operation, provide for the installation of a backup generator.
6. For the stable operation of oil-fired boilers, only good quality fuel is required.

For convenience, the table combines the estimated characteristics of heating boilers, for different types fuel:

Heating system diagrams

The water heating system can be organized into two types:

• Single-circuit;
• Dual circuit.

And according to the principle of movement of the system, there are:

1. Single pipe;
2. Two-pipe;
3. Collector;
4. Leningradskaya.

Single pipe

A single-pipe heating system is mounted in series - one radiator after another. From the scheme, a significant drawback of this system is immediately noticeable. The coolant, passing from one radiator to another, begins to cool. With a less intensive circulation of water in distant radiators, it not only gives up the entire remainder of the temperature to the metal, but also slowly enters the return line.

Thus, if the number of radiators for heating is too large, then the last radiator may be generally cold.

In addition, such a heating system is not practical to repair. To repair one radiator, you have to stop all heating in a private house.

Conclusion! In single-pipe heating systems, it is impossible to extend the circuit indefinitely.

Two-pipe

In a two-pipe heating system, maintenance is much easier. Hot water is supplied to the radiator through one line of the pipeline, and through another pipe (waste water) it flows back into the boiler. Radiators in this circuit are connected in parallel.

For ease of operation and repair, each pipe is mounted with a shut-off valve. Here, too, the water at the last radiator in the system will be colder, but much hotter than in a single-pipe system.

Collector

The figure shows that the supply and return system for each heating radiator is organized independently of each other. A significant plus in such a system is the ability to coordinate the temperature in any room separately. It is also very convenient to repair any section of the pipeline and each radiator separately.

To date, all experts have recognized the collector heating system as the most progressive.

But there are also disadvantages:

• Requires the installation of a manifold cabinet;
• Sensitive for the estimate, the consumption of pipes during the installation of the heating system.

Leningradskaya

A more advanced, single-pipe system, which, combined with ease of installation and low cost, is still very popular.

Despite the fact that the Leningrad heating system began to be introduced many years ago, it is now successfully used in the construction of multi-storey buildings. Such a system has main feature- simplicity. For the device of such a system, you can have a minimum of knowledge and get by with a minimum amount of materials than in two-pipe systems. In addition, in such a system it is possible to control each radiator in the system.

System installation

After the choice of the heating system has been made, the most correct step is to contact the design office. Having a project of work and drawings in hand, you can purchase and store the necessary materials, control and management devices, and components.

Installation begins with the choice of the installation location of the heating boiler. If combustion products are emitted during the operation of the boilers, the best solution would be to build a separate boiler room. It is possible to place a boiler room in the basement, subject to the arrangement of good ventilation and sound insulation.

The boiler itself is installed at such a distance from the walls that it always has free access for maintenance.

The floor and wall covering near the heating boiler must be made of refractory materials. Equipped with a chimney system from the boiler to the street.

The following steps for the installation of the heating system will be carried out according to the project:

• Installation of a circulation pump;
• Distribution collector node;
• Measuring instruments;
• Devices of manual or automatic adjustment.

After completion of the installation of the boiler, they proceed to work on the installation of main pipelines, according to the selected heating scheme, to the places where radiators will be installed. V residential buildings you will have to make passages for pipelines in walls and partitions. Based on the selected material, the pipes are interconnected by previously prepared elements.

Installation work is completed with the installation of radiators. Usually, the following conditions are observed during installation:

1. Distance from the floor - 12 cm;
2. The distance from the walls is up to 5 cm.

Shutoff valves, temperature sensors and other adjusting elements are installed on the pipes at the inlet and outlet of the radiators.

Completes installation work - pressure testing of the entire system.

Boiler connection

Connecting the installed boiler to the heating system according to the following scheme:

1. The pipe system laid around the house is connected to the outlets on the boiler.
2. As a rule, shut-off valves are installed at the joints that cut off from the common system.
3. For the operation of electrical appliances, wires and a ground loop are connected.
4. Installation of safety valves, thermostats and other devices (installed before installing shut-off valves).
5. For gas heating boilers - connection to the gas pipeline.
6. Filling the heating system with water.
7. Pressure testing of the system. At the same time, leaks in the system are detected and eliminated.
8. Depressurization in the pipes to the working one.

Important! When starting the gas boiler for the first time, the presence of a representative of the gas company is mandatory.

The modern building materials market offers a large selection of pipes from a variety of materials for the installation of a heating system.

Of course, with sufficient welding skills, you can opt for the usual steel pipes. But why doom yourself in advance to a guaranteed repair of the system due to the fact that the pipes will be subject to corrosion?

If there is a desire to use either copper or stainless pipes, then it can only be approved if the owner is not limited in financial resources and is not afraid of certain installation difficulties. Such pipes are the most expensive, but they are not afraid of high pressure and high temperature.

The most inexpensive option is polypropylene pipes. But it must be taken into account that the joints with the fittings are carried out by soldering, and if the heating of the connection is insufficient, this place will definitely leak. And when overheated, it is possible to overlap the internal section with molten material.

Recently, polyethylene or metal-plastic pipes are very popular. Installation is quite simple, provided that the joints are made on pressed fittings. They can be laid under the fill floors when installing the "warm floor" system.

With a large selection of modern radiators, opting for traditional cast iron ones is at least not rational (). Due to low thermal conductivity, they have lost their former popularity.

Aluminum radiators

In addition to high heat dissipation, aluminum radiators are very light.

Due to the fact that they have a variety of center distances (350-500mm), the installation of the heating system is greatly facilitated. Aluminum radiators have a number of advantages that distinguish them favorably from other heating devices:

• High heat dissipation;
• Lightweight design;
• High working pressure (18 atm.);
• Beautiful design.

Bimetal radiators

Systems of this type combine the advantages of both sectional (made of aluminum alloys) and tubular (made of steel):

• Increased strength (up to 40 atmospheres);
• Long service life (up to 20 years);
• Beautiful design;
• High level of heat transfer.

Steel panel radiators

The main advantage of steel radiators is their quick response to changes in coolant temperature.

They heat up instantly and cool down just as quickly. Such properties significantly affect energy saving.

A large area of ​​stamped steel panels has a positive effect on high heat transfer, and the presence of a finned surface increases the area of ​​​​the heater. Such qualities increase the comfort and efficiency of heating.

Selection by power and methods of connecting radiators

The decision to replace the entire heating system was finally made. The main elements of the system have been selected, it remains to solve the question - how much power can the radiators themselves produce?

It is this indicator that is actually the most important in determining the properties of the heating system.
Take, for example, a room with an area of ​​10 m² with a ceiling height of 3 m. The volume of the room, respectively, is 10x3 = 30 m³.

But this indicator does not fully describe the characteristics of the radiator. It is known from the regulations that a heating radiator with an output power of at least 40 watts is required to heat 1m³ of a room.

The result is: 30x40 \u003d 1200 watts.

For insurance, you can add 15-20%. This is exactly the amount of heat needed to heat such a room. As you can see, the calculations are quite simple and you can do them yourself before going to the store.

When we figured out the power of the radiator, it remains to choose a way to connect it to the main, which is carried out in several ways, as in the figure:

Side connection heating batteries used when mounting to risers. If the main pipes are laid under the floor covering or at floor level - diagonal.

It can be seen from the figure that these two connection methods allow the most productive use of the entire surface of the battery.

Finds its supporters and the lower versatile way to connect. It can be seen from the figure that with such a direction of hot water it is impossible to effectively heat the entire space of the radiator.

Errors during installation

Flaws and errors in installation work- not uncommon. Their description is a topic for a separate article, but the most common ones can be distinguished:

• Illiterate selection of a heat source;
• Admitted shortcomings in the boiler circuit;
• Incorrectly selected heating system;
• Careless attitude of installers.

Choosing a boiler with insufficient power is the most common mistake.

The desire to save on the cost of the boiler, but at the same time power not only the heating system, but also organize the supply of hot water, will lead to the fact that the heat generator will not be able to provide the house enough heat.

All elements and devices in the boiler piping must be installed according to their functional properties. For example, inserting a pump is recommended precisely on the return lines of pipelines and do not forget to take into account the horizontal position of the pump shaft.

With an incorrectly selected heating system, there is a risk of additional alterations. So if you “hang” more than five radiators on a single-pipe system, most often the rest will not heat at all.

Do-it-yourself installation flaws can be cited as examples of poor-quality slopes, unwelded connections, or the installation of improperly selected shut-off valves.

For example, if you confuse the installation locations of the valves on the pipes in front of the inlet (ordinary faucet) and at the outlet of the radiator (water supply control valve). It also happens that the installation of pipes in the floor occurs without mandatory insulation so that the water does not cool down on the way to the radiator. I had to change the heating system in the country - the old cast iron batteries and a Soviet boiler, for which details cannot be found even during the day with fire. But when they found out the cost of services for the replacement and modernization of thermal communications, they were in great shock. In the end, we decided to do everything on our own - albeit not so quickly, but you can save a good penny. Fortunately, we found this article, where all stages of work are described in great detail and with examples, many photos explaining. I especially liked the section “Mistakes during installation” - we learned a lot of useful things from the category of “what not to do”, otherwise we would have spent more time, nerves and money on redoing.

Thanks to the author for the detailed article. It can be safely used as a scientific guide for self-assembly of the heating system in your home. Thanks also for the many suggestions. They will help, especially for beginners. And from myself I will add that, in my opinion, the most the best option of the proposed is the installation of a gas boiler. After all, judge for yourself: it is relatively cheap, familiar and practical. However, the author or anyone else may disagree with me. I'm looking forward to other people's opinions on this.

Two years ago we just did heating in the house. In order not to be dependent on the stove, otherwise this cinder and smoke bother you, to be honest. We installed water heating with specialists. Pretty practical and power is not lost, not sprayed. The water is simply heated by the boiler and it diverges through pipes that are placed around the house, such as a battery. And they are already heating the house. Personally for us, this method seemed the simplest and most optimal.

A question arose with the replacement of heating in a private house, they decided to throw out the Soviet batteries and the boiler and replace it with a new one. Prices of course horror, fight in a terrible way. So I started searching the net for how to do everything right, since I came across you and got information on installing and installing the system. Everything is detailed and easy to understand. After reading it, it became more profitable for me to do it myself than to overpay 10 times more expensive for some smart guy who can do it just like me.